1The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state's strict nuclear regulations.
主干主语：The company；谓语：provoked；宾语：justified outrage；时间状语：last week；when从句：when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state's strict nuclear regulations。
结构这是一个复合句。主句The company provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week，主语The company后接非限制性同位语a major energy supplier in New England，进一步说明公司性质。时间状语last week修饰谓语动词provoked。when引导的时间状语从句when it announced it was reneging...修饰整个主句，说明事件背景。句子结构复杂，包含同位语、状语从句和插入成分，易混淆when从句与主句的修饰关系，常考非限制性同位语和时间状语从句的连接。
译文Entergy公司作为新英格兰地区的主要能源供应商，上周在佛蒙特州引发了正当的愤怒，因为它宣布它正在违背长期承诺，不再遵守该州严格的核能规定。
考点非限制性同位语a major energy supplier in New England修饰The company · when时间状语从句的连接和修饰关系
2Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.
主干主语：the company；谓语：has done；宾语：precisely what it had long promised it would not；冒号解释：challenge the constitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federal court；as part of从句：as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running。
结构这是一个复合句。主句the company has done precisely what...，宾语是what引导的从句，what后接it had long promised it would not的宾语从句。冒号后是具体内容的解释，as part of a desperate effort to keep...是目的状语从句修饰challenge。句子包含宾语从句、目的状语从句和冒号解释，结构严密，易误解为简单句，考点包括宾语从句的引导词和不定式作目的状语的用法。
译文相反，公司恰恰做了它长期承诺不会做的事：向联邦法院挑战佛蒙特州规定的合宪性，这是为了挽救其佛蒙特扬基核电站的生存。
考点what引导的宾语从句结构 · 不定式作目的状语的用法
3A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee's safety and Entergy's management – especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.
主干主语：A string of accidents；谓语：raised；宾语：serious questions；including从句：including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage；破折号：especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe。
结构这是一个复合句。主句A string of accidents raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee's safety and Entergy's management，主语后接包括两个并列项的非限制性定语从句including...和...leakage。破折号后是插入成分especially after...，补充说明原因。句子包含非限制性定语从句、插入成分和并列宾语，结构复杂，容易误解插入成分的作用，常考非限制性定语从句和破折号插入成分的用法。
译文一系列事故，包括2007年冷却塔部分坍塌和地下管道泄漏的发现，都引发了对佛蒙特扬基核电站安全和Entergy公司管理层能力的严重质疑——尤其是在公司对管道泄漏做出误导性陈述之后。
考点非限制性定语从句including的用法 · 破折号插入成分的解释作用
4Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues.
主干主语：the company；谓语：is claiming；宾语：that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation；并列宾语：and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues。
结构这是一个并列复合句。主句the company is claiming that...，that引导的第一个宾语从句是the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation。第二个并列宾语that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues也是that引导的宾语从句。句子包含两个并列的宾语从句，结构严谨，易混淆并列从句的连接，考点包括宾语从句的并列结构和because的因果关系。
译文现在公司突然声称2002年的协议因2006年的立法而无效，并且声称只有联邦政府对核能问题有监管权。
考点两个并列宾语从句的连接 · because引导的因果状语从句
5But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.
主干状语从句：had Entergy kept its word；主句：that debate would be beside the point。
结构这是一个倒装虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句had Entergy kept its word是过去虚拟的倒装形式，相当于If Entergy had kept its word。主句that debate would be beside the point是陈述语气，意思是如果公司遵守承诺，那个争论就无关紧要了。句子结构复杂，包含虚拟条件句和倒装，容易误解为一般条件句，常考虚拟条件句的倒装用法和过去完成时的表达。
译文但是，如果Entergy遵守了承诺，那个争论就无关紧要了。
考点虚拟条件句的倒装用法 · 过去完成时在虚拟条件从句中的应用