1Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.
主干主语：Leading doctors；谓语：weigh in；介词宾语：on the debate over...；方式状语：by demanding that...
结构主句为weigh in on the debate，后接over介词短语修饰debate。by demanding引导方式状语，that引导宾语从句作demanding的宾语，从句中impose和introduce为并列谓语，cigarette-style warnings后接to children和about介词短语双重修饰。
译文权威医生今日就政府在促进公共健康中的角色之争发表意见，要求部长们对不健康食品征收“脂肪税”，并向儿童发出类似香烟包装上的警告，告知不良饮食的危害。
考点weigh in on 表示“就某事发表意见” · demand that后接虚拟语气（原形动词）
2The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.
主干主语：The demands；谓语：follow；宾语：comments；定语从句修饰Lansley
结构comments后接过去分词短语made last week by...作后置定语。Andrew Lansley为同位语。who引导非限制性定语从句，从句中insisted和promised并列，insisted后省略that的宾语从句，promised后接不定式。
译文这些要求是在卫生大臣安德鲁·兰斯利上周发表评论之后提出的。兰斯利坚称政府不能强迫人们做出健康选择，并承诺让企业摆脱公共卫生法规的束缚。
考点非限制性定语从句who insisted...and promised... · force sb. to do与free sb. from的搭配
3He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how “lecturing” people was not the best way to change their behaviour.
主干主语：He；谓语：has criticised；宾语：the...attempt；as介词短语作宾补
结构attempt后接不定式to improve作后置定语。as an example of how...中how引导宾语从句，从句主语为动名词“lecturing” people，谓语was not。整个as短语说明批评的角度。
译文他还批评名厨杰米·奥利弗高调改善英格兰学校午餐的尝试，将其视为“说教”并非改变人们行为最佳方式的例证。
考点criticise...as... 把……批评为…… · how引导的宾语从句中动名词作主语
4He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around schools and hospitals – areas within which takeaways cannot open.
主干主语：He；谓语：urged；宾语：councils；宾补：to impose...
结构urge sb. to do结构。破折号后areas为“fast-food-free zones”的同位语，within which引导定语从句修饰areas，which指代areas，cannot open为从句谓语。
译文他还敦促地方议会在学校和医院周围设立“无快餐区”——即外卖店不得开业的区域。
考点urge sb. to do 敦促某人做某事 · 介词+which引导定语从句
5The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.
主干主语：The food industry；谓语：will be alarmed；that引导原因状语从句
结构be alarmed that...中that从句说明原因。especially后the call为moves的同位补充，to use不定式修饰call，that have been deployed...为定语从句修饰tactics，against smoking作状语。
译文食品行业会感到震惊：如此资深的医生竟支持这些激进举措，尤其是呼吁采用过去十年针对吸烟所使用的某些强硬手段。
考点be alarmed that 对……感到震惊 · 尤其是especially引出同位补充成分