1The air flowing over a bird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash.
主干主语:The air flowing over a bird’s wings;谓语:curls upwards;补语:behind the wingtips,a phenomenon known as upwash
结构主句由分词短语作主语、动词curls和介词短语behind the wingtips构成,句末插入同位语a phenomenon known as upwash对整个现象进行解释说明,属于并列结构中的补充成分。此句突出鸟群飞行中气流上洗现象的力学原理,考查分词作主语和同位语的综合运用。
译文鸟翼上流动的空气在翼尖后方向上卷曲,这被称为上洗现象。
考点分词短语作主语 · 同位语解释现象
2Dr. Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London.
主干主语:Dr. Kroo and his team;谓语:modeled;宾语:what would happen;条件状语从句:if three passenger jets... were to assemble... and proceed to London
结构主句结构为Dr. Kroo and his team modeled what would happen,宾语接that引导的间接宾语从句;条件从句if包含三个并列不定式assemble, assume, change places和proceed to London,插入非限制性定语从句修饰jets,句中were to assemble为虚拟将来时,整体句式复杂,包含条件从句、并列表达式和插入成分,典型的长难句,考查虚拟条件句和并列不定式。
译文克鲁博士和他的团队模拟了三架从洛杉矶、旧金山和拉斯维加斯出发的客机在犹他州组队、采用倒V形阵型、偶尔互换位置轮流占据最佳位置并飞往伦敦的情况。
考点虚拟条件句 · 并列不定式作谓语
3Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.
主干主语:Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations;系动词:is;表语:another matter;让步状语从句:although a working group... has included...
结构主句为Whether引导的名词性从句作主语,系动词is连接表语another matter;让步状语从句although由介词at引导的介宾短语修饰working group,后接名词短语in a blueprint...,句中插入成分丰富,考查名词性从句、让步状语从句的倒装式和介词短语作定语的用法。
译文这些间隔距离是否符合空中交通管制规定是另一回事,尽管国际民航组织的工作组已将编队飞行纳入新操作指南的蓝图中。
考点名词性从句作主语 · 让步状语从句
4It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient.
主干主语:It;谓语:remains;宾语从句:how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient
结构句首it作形式主语,谓语remains连接真正的主语从句how引导的特殊疑问句,内部包含定语从句that修饰air flows,整体结构为it+remains+从句,考查形式主语、特殊疑问句和定语从句的组合运用。
译文目前尚不清楚天气状况如何影响那些让编队飞行更高效的空气流向。
考点形式主语 · 定语从句修饰先行词