2021年12月英语六级（第3套 · 含听力）仔细阅读 Passage 2

A recent study reveals a small but growing proportion of the workforce is affected to some degree by a sense of entitlement. Work is less about what they can contribute and more about what they can take. This can lead to workplace dysfunction and diminish job satisfaction. I'm not referring to employees who are legitimately dissatisfied due to issues like unfair pay; I'm talking about those who believe they deserve special treatment regardless of their abilities or performance.
As a result of the discrepancy between the privileges they feel entitled to and their inflated sense of self-worth, they tend to slack off instead of working hard for their employer. Many scholars believe this tendency begins in childhood, due to overindulgent parents, leading these individuals to expect the same kind of treatment throughout their adult lives. Despite their feelings, it's crucial for managers to find ways to keep them motivated.
The research team from several American universities surveyed over 240 individuals, including managers and team members. Employee entitlement was measured through statements like "I honestly feel I'm just more deserving than others," while employee engagement was assessed with statements like "I really throw myself into my work." The findings revealed that ethical leadership alleviates the negative effects of employee entitlement. Ethical leaders communicate clear expectations, hold employees accountable, and are committed to doing the right thing.
When confronted by an entitled team member, an ethical leader is disinclined to accommodate their demands. Instead, they point out the specific, objective criteria that must be met to receive rewards. This shift away from unrealistic expectations is successful because entitled employees feel more confident that ethical leaders will deliver on their promises, as they are perceived to be fair and trustworthy.
However, researchers caution that there is no single perfect remedy. While ethical leadership is a critical step in the right direction, it is essential to recognize that individual beliefs and motivations can vary greatly.