1The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.
主干主语：The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions（并列主语）；谓语：depend on；宾语：the number and prestige of the papers 和 the citations（由 but even more so 连接的并列宾语）
结构主句为并列主语 + depend on 结构。the papers 后接省略关系代词的定语从句 they produce；but even more so 为固定表达，引出递进对比的第二个宾语 the citations，其后 attracted by these papers 为过去分词短语作后置定语。even more so 中 so 指代 depend on 的程度，是易错点。
译文科学家的职业生涯及其所在机构的声誉，取决于他们所发表论文的数量与声望，但更取决于这些论文所获得的引用次数。
考点depend on A, but even more so on B 表示「取决于A，但更取决于B」，so 替代前文 depend on 这一程度 · the papers (that) they produce 为省略关系代词的定语从句；attracted by... 过去分词作后置定语表被动
2In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications.
主干主语：researchers；谓语：developed；宾语：an algorithm；to recognize... 为目的定语修饰 algorithm
结构主干后接不定式 to recognize 作 algorithm 的后置定语；including... 为现在分词短语作补充说明，其内含两个并列宾语 groups of authors 和 groups of journals，各自带 that 引导的定语从句；第二个定语从句中 to increase... 为目的状语。句子层层嵌套，需理清 including 管到句末。
译文2016年，研究人员开发出一种算法，用以识别可疑的引用模式，包括作者群体之间不成比例地相互引用，以及期刊群体为提升其刊物的影响因子而频繁互相引用。
考点including 后接两个并列的 groups of... 结构，各带 that 定语从句，注意并列范围的划分 · disproportionately 修饰 cite，表示「不成比例地」；one another 与 each other 均表「互相」
3Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.
主干主语：another expression of this predatory behavior；谓语：has emerged；冒号后为同位语，解释这种新表现是什么
结构冒号引出同位语成分，核心词为 consultancies，其前 so-called support service 为定语，其后 that 引导定语从句（provide... to individual authors and to journals，注意两个 to 短语并列）；同位语部分的谓语是 advise，advise sb. to do sth. 结构。主句谓语 has emerged 与同位语谓语 advise 相距较远，易造成主谓混淆。
译文近来，这种掠夺性行为又出现了一种新形式：所谓的支持服务咨询公司，它们为个人作者和期刊提供语言及其他编辑支持，有时会建议投稿人在文章中添加若干引用。
考点冒号后整个名词短语作同位语，内部自带主谓结构（consultancies... advise...），需与主句谓语 has emerged 区分 · provide sth. to sb. 结构中 to individual authors and to journals 为并列对象；advise sb. to do sth. 为高频搭配
4The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals.
主干主语：The peculiar part；谓语：is；表语：that 引导的表语从句（从句主语 the journal，谓语 is not profiting）
结构is 后接 that 引导的表语从句；表语从句内部，the journal 后又嵌套一个 that 引导的定语从句 the editor is supposedly working for（注意 work for 的宾语是 journal，that 作 for 的宾语）；破折号后 it is just providing... 为补充说明，it 指代 the journal。两个 that 从句套叠是难点。
译文奇怪之处在于，编辑所供职的那家期刊本身根本没有获利——它只是在为其他期刊提供引用。
考点第一个 that 引导表语从句，第二个 that 引导定语从句修饰 the journal，且在从句中作 working for 的宾语 · supposedly 表示「据推测地、被认为地」，暗含质疑语气；not... at all 表彻底否定
5In one example, an individual acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities.
主干主语：an individual；谓语：was able to use；宾语：at least 15 journals；as citation providers 为宾语补足语
结构acting as author, editor, and consultant 为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 individual，其后破折号造成插入隔断的效果，使主语与谓语 was able to use 分离，易误读。use sth. as sth. 为固定搭配；published by five scientists at three universities 为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 articles。
译文在一个案例中，一个同时充当作者、编辑和顾问的人，竟能利用至少15种期刊，为三所大学五位科学家发表的文章充当引用来源。
考点use A as B 表示「把A用作B」；acting as... 现在分词作定语，注意与谓语 was 的区分 · published by... 过去分词作后置定语表被动，修饰 articles 而非 journals，需判断修饰对象