2023 考研英语一 · Section I Use of English

5 句长难句逐句拆解。不认识的词可以直接选中查询。

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1Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East.

主干主语：Caravanserais；谓语：were；表语：roadside inns

结构主系表结构后接 that 引导的限制性定语从句修饰 inns；从句中 were built 为被动；along the Silk Road 作地点状语；including China, North Africa and the Middle East 为现在分词短语，对 areas 作补充说明。

译文商队旅店是沿丝绸之路修建的路边客栈，分布在包括中国、北非和中东在内的地区。

考点that 引导定语从句且作从句主语，不可省略　·　including 引导的分词短语对先行名词作举例性补充

2The word “caravanserai” is a __3__ of the Persian words “karvan”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and “saray”, a palace or enclosed building.

主干主语：The word “caravanserai”；谓语：is；表语：a __3__ of the Persian words “karvan” and “saray”

结构主系表后接 of 短语说明来源；which 非限制性定语从句修饰 karvan；and 连接两个被解释的波斯词；a palace or enclosed building 是 saray 的同位语，对其含义作补充。

译文“caravanserai”一词由波斯语 “karvan”（意为旅行者群体或商队）和 “saray”（宫殿或围合建筑）构成。

考点which 非限制性定语从句补充词义　·　名词短语作同位语解释前面的词

3From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the __6__ of caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night.

主干主语：the __6__ of caravanserais / they；谓语：increased / served；宾语/表语：as a safe place

结构句首时间状语 From... onwards；as 引导时间状语从句（路线日趋发达）；主句由 and 连接两个并列分句：前者为主谓结构，后者 they served as...；for people to rest at night 为不定式复合结构，修饰 place。

译文自10世纪起，随着商路和旅行路线日益完善，商队旅店的数量增加，并成为人们夜间歇脚的安全之所。

考点as 引导时间状语从句，表“随着”　·　serve as + 名词 表示“充当/作为”

4__11__, these structures became important centres for cultural __12__ and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, __13__ taking knowledge with them, greatly __14__ the development of several civilisations.

主干主语：these structures；谓语：became；表语：important centres

结构主系表后接 for 介词短语说明中心的功能；with + 名词 + 现在分词构成独立主格/伴随结构；sharing 与 taking 为并列分词；greatly __14__... 为结果状语，分词短语说明前述交流带来的影响。

译文这些建筑因而成为文化交流与互动的重要中心：旅人分享各自的文化、思想与信仰，并把知识带走，极大地推动了若干文明的发展。

考点with + 逻辑主语 + doing 表伴随　·　句末分词短语可表结果

5It is __18__ that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, __19__ only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in __20__.

主干形式主语：It；谓语：is __18__；真正主语：that 从句

结构It is... that... 为形式主语结构；that 从句内 were built 被动；后一分句与前句形成对比；many of which 为“代词 + of which”非限制性定语从句，which 指代仅存的约三千座旅店。

译文据估计，丝绸之路沿线曾建有约1.2万至1.5万座商队旅店，但如今已知尚存的大约只有三千座，其中许多已残破不堪。

考点It is + 形容词/过去分词 + that 从句　·　many of which 引导非限制性定语从句

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