2022 考研英语一 · Section II Reading Comprehension / Part C

5 句长难句逐句拆解。不认识的词可以直接选中查询。

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1It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.

主干主语:It;谓语:was;表语:a battle

结构主句为“It was also a battle…”。中间插入并列分句“and this is unknown…period”,this 指代后文这场密码战。表语后接 between A and B;A、B 均为 those who 定语从句,分别修饰“制码者”与“破译者”。well read about the period 作后置定语修饰 people。

译文这也是一场制码者与破译者之间的较量,即便许多对该时期相当熟稔的人对此也一无所知。

考点插入语 and this is… 打断主系表,需先抓住 It was a battle · those who 并列定语从句对比双方

2It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters.

主干主语:It;谓语:listed;宾语:many documents

结构documents 后接两个并列定语从句:that had been captured… 与 whose secrets had been revealed…,由 and 连接,共同修饰 documents。an officer in British headquarters 是 George Scovell 的同位语。in code 作后置定语修饰 documents。

译文其中列出了许多从驻西班牙法军缴获的密码文件,其秘密已由英军司令部的一位军官乔治·斯科维尔破译。

考点that 与 whose 并列修饰同一先行词 documents · 同位语补充人物身份

3he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself.

主干主语:he;谓语:could not analyze / (could not) tell;宾语:what 从句 / anything much

结构could not 统辖两个并列动词 analyze 与 tell。what 引导宾语从句,内含 may or may not have contributed 表示不确定贡献。or indeed 加强后一分句。about the man himself 修饰 anything much。

译文他无法仔细分析这位默默无闻的军官对那场国家间的大战究竟有何贡献,也几乎无法向我们讲述此人本身的任何情况。

考点could not 后并列 analyze 与 tell,or indeed 表递进 · may or may not have done 表对过去贡献的不确定推测

4There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.

主干前句:There may have been many spies…;后句:it is difficult to find the material

结构There be 存在句用 may have been 表对过去的推测。but 转折后 it 为形式主语,真正主语是不定式 to find the material。they actually provided or worked on 为省略关系代词的定语从句修饰 material,provided 与 worked on 并列。

译文拿破仑战争期间或许有过许多间谍与情报军官,但要找到他们实际提供或经手的材料通常极为困难。

考点There may have been 对过去存在的推测 · 定语从句省略 that,provided 与 worked on 并列

5Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.

主干主语:his attempts;谓语:speak volumes;宾语:about British society

结构Just as…, so… 比例结构,前半为方式/类比状语从句。主句主语 attempts 后接不定式 to make his way up the promotion ladder 作定语。speak volumes about 为固定习语。

译文正如密码破译在争夺西班牙的斗争中具有更广泛的意义,他在晋升阶梯上的奋斗也充分说明了当时的英国社会。

考点Just as… so… 表示类比对应 · speak volumes about 意为“充分说明、很能反映”