1With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines.
主干主语：food security；谓语：is making；宾语：headlines
结构句首是 with 复合结构作伴随状语，包含两个并列成分：the global population predicted to hit...（过去分词短语作后置定语）和 forecasts that...（that 引导同位语从句，解释 forecasts 的具体内容）。主句仅为主谓宾结构，难点在于状语过长导致主干被后置。
译文据预测，到2050年全球人口将接近100亿，而某些地区的农业产量需要近乎翻倍才能跟上需求，粮食安全因此日益成为新闻头条。
考点with + 名词 + 过去分词 的独立主格结构作状语 · that 引导同位语从句修饰 forecasts，而非定语从句
2A move back to self-sufficiency , the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation's health.
主干主语：A move back to self-sufficiency；谓语：would boost；宾语：the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation's health
结构the argument goes 是插入语，将主语与谓语隔开，表示"这种观点认为"。主语中心词是 move，back to self-sufficiency 为后置定语。谓语 boost 后接三个并列宾语，由 and 连接，注意第三个宾语前有 even 表示递进强调。
译文这种观点认为，回归自给自足将提振农业、政治主权乃至国民健康。
考点插入语 the argument goes 割裂主谓，阅读时需跳过 · 并列宾语中的 even 表示递进关系，译作"乃至"
3That supplies 80 per cent of what is consumed, so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn't allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.
主干主语：That；谓语：supplies；宾语：80 per cent of what is consumed；so 引导结果状语从句，从句主语：covering the whole country in livestock farms，谓语：wouldn't allow，宾语：us
结构what is consumed 是宾语从句，作介词 of 的宾语。so 引导结果状语从句，从句主语为动名词短语 covering...，表示假设性动作；cover...in... 意为"用...覆盖..."，与后文 cover needs（满足需求）形成一词多义对比。
译文这提供了消费量的80%，因此即使把全国都变成畜牧场，也无法满足我们所有的肉奶需求。
考点what 引导宾语从句，相当于 the food that is consumed · 动名词短语作主语表示假设，cover 一词多义：覆盖 vs 满足
4Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg — which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes — we would achieve only a 30 per cent boost in crop production.
主干主语：we；谓语：would achieve；宾语：only a 30 per cent boost
结构Even if 引导让步状语从句，使用虚拟语气（converted）。破折号间是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句内容，其中 involve 后接两个并列动名词短语 taking out... 和 removing...。主句谓语 would achieve 与从句 converted 构成虚拟语气的主从句搭配。
译文即使我们把所有适宜的土地都改种果蔬——这意味着要拆除所有自然保护区并让数千人背井离乡——也只能使作物产量提高30%。
考点Even if 引导让步状语从句，与主句构成虚拟语气（were/converted... would） · which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句所述的假设情景
5That is before we look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.
主干主语：That；谓语：is；表语：before...（时间状语从句作表语）
结构before 引导时间状语从句，整体作 is 的表语，意为"这还是在...之前（的情况）"。从句中 to grow... 为不定式作 space 的后置定语；that 引导定语从句修饰 grains, sugars, seeds and oils，that 在从句中作主语，provide 后接双宾语（us 和 the vast bulk）。
译文这还没有考虑到需要寻找土地种植谷物、糖类、种子和油料作物，而这些作物提供了我们目前绝大部分的热量摄入。
考点before 引导时间状语从句作表语，表示"在考虑...之前" · that 引导定语从句修饰并列名词，provide sb with sth 结构