1From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals'.
主干主语：advocates；谓语：worried；宾语：that 引导的宾语从句（从句主干：the cable and phone companies had the power and incentive）
结构句首 From the early days of broadband 为时间状语；for consumers and web-based companies 为介词短语作后置定语修饰 advocates；worried 后接 that 宾语从句；从句中 selling broadband connections 为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 companies；to favor... 为不定式作定语修饰 power and incentive；rivals' 为省略所有格，相当于 rivals' websites。
译文从宽带发展早期开始，消费者和互联网公司的拥护者就担心，销售宽带接入服务的有线电视和电话公司既有能力也有动机偏袒自己的关联网站而打压竞争对手的网站。
考点现在分词短语作后置定语：selling broadband connections 修饰 companies，注意与谓语动词区分 · 省略所有格：their rivals' 后面省略了 websites，避免重复
2That's why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the Internet.
主干主语：That；谓语：is；表语：why 引导的表语从句（从句主干：there has been such a strong demand）
结构why 引导表语从句，从句为 there be 句型；第一个 that 引导定语从句修饰 rules；preserving... 为现在分词短语作结果状语，说明规则带来的效果；第二个 that 引导定语从句修饰 freedom and innovation，注意从句谓语用复数 have been，与先行词复数一致。
译文正因如此，人们一直强烈要求出台相关规则，防止宽带运营商在网络上挑选赢家和输家，从而维护自由与创新——这一直是互联网的生命线。
考点prevent sb. from doing sth.：阻止某人做某事，考研高频搭配 · 现在分词短语 preserving... 作结果状语，逻辑主语是前面的规则，翻译时可独立成句
3The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commission's authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything.
主干主语：The Republican-penned order；谓语：not only eliminated... but rejected...；宾语：rules 和 authority
结构not only... but (also)... 连接两个并列谓语 eliminated 和 rejected；rules 后接省略关系词的定语从句 the FCC had adopted，其中嵌套 when 引导的时间状语从句；authority 后接不定式 to require... 作后置定语，require 后接复合宾语结构 require sb. to do sth.。
译文这项由共和党人起草的指令不仅废除了联邦通信委员会在2015年民主党占多数时通过的严格网络中立规则，还否定了该委员会要求宽带运营商采取任何实质性行动的权力。
考点not only... but (also)... 连接并列谓语，also 常省略 · 定语从句省略关系词：rules (that) the FCC had adopted，关系词作宾语时可省略
4But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that "the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service," and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to "avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism."
主干主语：Judge Patricia Millett；谓语：argued... and said...；宾语：that 宾语从句和省略 that 的宾语从句
结构and 连接两个并列谓语 argued 和 said；argued 后接 that 引导的宾语从句，in a concurring opinion 为插入的介词短语作状语；said 后接省略 that 的宾语从句，其中 could intervene 为谓语，to avoid... 为不定式作目的状语，avoid 后接动名词 trapping。
译文但帕特里夏·米利特法官在协同意见书中正确地指出，"这一结果脱离了现代宽带服务的现实"，并表示国会或最高法院应当介入，以"避免让互联网监管困于过时的技术框架之中"。
考点并列谓语共用一个主语：argued... and said...，注意第二个宾语从句省略了 that · avoid doing sth.：避免做某事，后接动名词；trap... in... 把……困在……中
5In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC's attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission's power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order.
主干主语：the court；谓语：threw out；宾语：the FCC's attempt
结构In the meantime 为时间状语；to block all state rules 为不定式作后置定语修饰 attempt；while preserving... 为省略式时间状语从句，相当于 while it preserved，从句主语与主句一致故省略；power 后接不定式 to preempt... 作定语；that undermine its order 为定语从句修饰 state laws。
译文与此同时，法院驳回了联邦通信委员会试图阻止各州出台网络中立规则的做法，但保留了该委员会优先废止那些削弱其指令的个别州法律的权力。
考点while + 现在分词构成省略式状语从句，主从句主语一致时可省略从句主语和 be 动词 · throw out 此处意为"驳回、否决"；preempt 意为"优先于、取代"，法律英语高频词