1To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.
主干主语：the design；谓语：was selected；并列分句主语：construction；谓语：began
结构句首 'To the horror of some' 为介词短语作状语，其中 some 后接 who 引导的定语从句，从句内 expect sth. to be done 结构表示'期待某物被建成'。主句为 and 连接的两个并列分句：第一分句主语是 design，过去分词短语 by Alfred Mullett 作后置定语；第二分句中 to house all three departments 为不定式作后置定语修饰 building。
译文有些人原本期待在白宫另一侧建起一座希腊复兴式的财政部大楼翻版，令他们惊愕的是，最终入选的却是阿尔弗雷德·马利特设计的精致的法国第二帝国风格方案，这座将容纳三个部门的大楼于1871年6月动工。
考点to one's horror 意为'令某人惊恐的是'，类似结构还有 to one's surprise/disappointment · expect sth. to be done 中不定式被动式作宾补，翻译时需化被动为主动
2The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century – the period when the United States emerged as an international power.
主干主语：The State, War, and Navy Building；谓语：housed；宾语：the three Executive Branch Departments
结构as it was originally known 为插入的方式状语从句（as 引导，it 指代主语）。宾语 Departments 后接过去分词短语 associated with... 作后置定语，其中 with 后接两个动名词 formulating 和 conducting。破折号后 the period 为前面时间段的同位语，when 引导定语从句修饰 the period。
译文这座大楼最初被称为'国务院、陆军部和海军部大楼'，在19世纪最后25年和20世纪头25年——也就是美国崛起为国际强国的时期——这里汇聚了与制定和执行美国外交政策关系最密切的三个行政部门。
考点as it was originally known 是插入语，意为'正如它最初被称呼的那样'，阅读时可先跳过 · 破折号引出同位语补充说明时间段，when 引导定语从句而非时间状语从句
3Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.
主干主语：it（指 EEOB）；谓语1：was built；谓语2：is considered
结构句首 Designed by... 为过去分词短语作状语，逻辑主语即主句主语 it，Alfred B. Mullett 是 Supervising Architect 的同位语。主句含两个并列谓语 was built 和 is considered，中间由 and 连接；to house... 为不定式作目的状语，house 此处为动词'容纳'。
译文该大楼由财政部总监建筑师阿尔弗雷德·B·马利特设计，建于1871至1888年间，用以容纳国务院、陆军部和海军部不断扩充的工作人员，被认为是全美法国第二帝国建筑风格的最佳典范之一。
考点过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致，否则构成悬垂分词 · house 作动词表示'容纳、供……使用'，是考研高频熟词僻义
4Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls.
主干主语：Many of the most celebrated national figures；谓语：have participated in；宾语：historical events
结构that 引导定语从句修饰 events，从句中 take place 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态。within the EEOB's granite walls 为地点状语，granite walls 是借代手法，以建筑局部代指整座大楼。主句用现在完成时强调历史延续至今的影响。
译文众多最负盛名的国家要人都曾参与过发生在艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼花岗岩墙内的历史事件。
考点take place 无被动形式，不能说 'is taken place' · celebrated 此处为形容词'著名的'，而非动词 celebrate 的过去式
5Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.
主干主语：Eight monumental curving staircases；谓语：are capped by；宾语（施事者）：four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas
结构主语 staircases 后接两个后置定语：of granite 说明材质，with over 4,000... balusters 为介词短语补充细节，其中 individually cast 为过去分词作定语修饰 balusters。谓语 are capped by 为被动语态，cap 本义'帽子'，此处活用为动词'覆盖在……顶部'。
译文八座宏伟的花岗岩弧形楼梯配有4000多根单独铸造的青铜栏杆，楼梯顶端覆盖着四个天窗穹顶和两个彩色玻璃圆顶厅。
考点cap 作动词表示'覆盖顶部、收尾'，属于名词动用现象 · with 复合结构作后置定语时，翻译常拆分为独立小句