1California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.
主干主语：California；谓语：has asked；宾语：the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling；插入成分：particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest
结构主句为“California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling”，其中“particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest”是插入短语，修饰先行词“a sweeping ruling”。“one”指代“ruling”，引导的“that upsets...”为定语从句；“that authorities may search...”是“assumption”的定语从句，整体体现了插入语的使用和定语从句的嵌套结构。
译文加利福尼亚州要求法官们不要做出一个会打破旧有假设的全面裁决，这个旧假设认为逮捕时警方可以搜查嫌疑人的物品。
考点插入语的使用 · 定语从句的嵌套结构
2It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
主干主语：It；谓语：is；表语：hard；插入语：the state argues；不定式：for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies
结构典型的主语it引导的“it is hard for... to...”结构，插入语“the state argues”表明这是州政府的观点。“for judges to assess...”是不定式作表语补足语，强调“assess”的难度。
译文州政府认为，法官们很难评估新技术迅速变化带来的影响。
考点it作形式主语 · 插入语的用法
3They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone – a vast storehouse of digital information – is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse.
主干主语：They；谓语：should start；宾语：by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone – a vast storehouse of digital information – is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse
结构“that exploring the contents of a smartphone – a vast storehouse of digital information – is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse”是“argument”的同位语从句；破折号“– a vast storehouse of digital information –”是插入成分，修饰“smartphone”；“is similar to...”是表语从句。
译文他们应该先抛弃加利福尼亚州那个认为搜查智能手机内容就像翻看嫌疑人钱包一样的荒谬论点。
考点同位语从句 · 插入语和表语从句
4Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
主干主语：Citizens；谓语：have；宾语：a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches
结构“to expect private documents to remain private...”是不定式作宾语补足语，内部“to remain private and protected...”是复合宾语结构；“by the Constitution’s prohibition...”是介词短语修饰“protected”。
译文公民仍然有权期望私人文件保持私密，并受到宪法禁止不合理搜查的保护。
考点不定式作宾语补足语 · 介词短语修饰
5The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
主干主语：The court；插入语：though；谓语：may want；宾语：to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom
结构“though”是插入语；“may want to allow...”是不定式作宾语；“for police to cite...”是介词短语作定语修饰“room”；“where they are entitled to...”是定语从句修饰“situations”。
译文不过，法院可能希望留出空间，让警方引用他们有更多自由的情况。
考点插入语 · 定语从句