1Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others – all obviously statistical impossibilities.
主干主语：Social psychologists；谓语：have amassed... and shown；宾语：oceans of research / that从句
结构并列谓语have amassed...and shown。into后接what引导的宾语从句（what they call...）。or引出同位语“illusory superiority”。shown后接that宾语从句，内含for example插入语及三个并列百分比结构。破折号后为独立主格/补充说明，all指代前述统计结果。
译文社会心理学家已积累了大量关于所谓“高于平均效应”或“虚幻优越感”的研究，并表明：例如，70%的人认为自己的领导力高于平均水平，93%认为自己开车技术更好，85%认为自己更善于与人相处——这些显然在统计上都不可能。
考点what they call 后接名词作宾语从句 · 破折号后独立成分补充说明统计荒谬性
2Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.
主干主语：he；谓语：asked；宾语：them to identify...
结构句首Rather than引导比较状语，have为使役动词。主句ask sb to do。from a lineup后接including现在分词短语作后置定语，内含that定语从句修饰versions，to appear不定式表结果。
译文他没有让人们简单地将自己的美貌与他人比较打分，而是让他们从一组照片中辨认出自己的原照，这组照片里包含经过处理、显得更美或更丑的版本。
考点Rather than + 动词原形 表“而不是” · including引导的分词短语作定语
3Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.
主干主语：any evidence；谓语：was there（倒装）；同位语从句：that those...were doing so
结构Nor置于句首引起部分倒装（was there）。that引导同位语从句解释evidence。those后接who定语从句，括号内that is引出同位语进一步解释those。were doing so中so指代self-enhance，to make up不定式表目的。
译文也没有任何证据表明，自我美化程度最高的人（即那些认为经过最正面修饰的照片才是真实自己的参与者）是在以此来弥补深层的不安全感。
考点Nor位于句首的部分倒装 · 括号内that is作插入同位解释
4Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves viscerally – on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.
主干形式主语：it；谓语：makes sense；真正主语：that从句
结构句首Knowing现在分词作原因状语。it作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句。破折号后为补充说明，on one level作状语，they don’t even recognise...进一步解释hate的原因。
译文了解了埃普利的研究结果后，就不难理解为何许多人发自内心地讨厌自己的照片——在某种层面上，他们甚至不认得照片里的人就是自己。
考点现在分词短语作原因状语 · it makes sense that 形式主语结构