1As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.
主干主语:they;谓语:start to notice;宾语:that从句(memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be)
结构时间状语从句As many people hit middle age修饰主句。主句谓语notice后接that宾语从句;从句中what they used to be为表语从句,what作used to be的表语,整体说明记忆与清晰度已非往昔状态。used to be为高频省略结构。
译文许多人一到中年,往往开始发觉自己的记忆力和思维清晰度已大不如前。
考点what引导的表语从句作比较对象 · used to be表示过去习惯状态
2Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done.
主干主语:Neuroscientists;谓语:are showing;宾语:that从句(there’s a lot that can be done)
结构experts who study the nervous system为同位语,who引导定语从句修饰experts。主句现在进行时强调持续发现;that宾语从句中there’s a lot后接that定语从句(省略关系代词作done的宾语),表示可采取的措施很多。
译文研究神经系统的专家——神经科学家们正日益表明,其实有很多事情是可以做的。
考点同位语+定语从句嵌套 · there be句型后接定语从句
3It __6__ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental __7__ can significantly improve our basic cognitive __8__ .
主干主语:It;谓语:turns out;宾语:that从句(brain needs exercise... and ... can improve)
结构It turns out that为固定主语从句结构。that从句为并列句:前半in much the same way后接方式状语从句(our muscles do省略need exercise);后半and连接另一主谓结构。much the same way强调类比。
译文事实证明,大脑需要锻炼,其方式与肌肉锻炼极为相似,而正确的脑力训练能显著提升我们的基本认知能力。
考点It turns out that主语从句 · the same way后接方式状语从句的省略
4Most importantly, it __18__ modifies and enhances the games you play to __19__ on the strengths you are developing – much like a(n) __20__ exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.
主干主语:it;谓语:modifies and enhances;宾语:the games;目的状语:to build on the strengths
结构you play为省略that的定语从句修饰games;to build on为目的状语,you are developing为定语从句修饰strengths。破折号后much like引导比较状语从句,从句主语exercise routine,谓语requires,宾语you to increase...为复合宾语。
译文最重要的是,它会不断调整并强化你所玩的游戏,以巩固你正在培养的优势——这很像一套健身计划要求你增加阻力并变换肌肉使用方式。
考点省略关系词的定语从句 · much like比较状语从句+复合宾语