2012 考研英语一 · Section II Reading Comprehension / Part A / Text 4

5 句长难句逐句拆解。不认识的词可以直接选中查询。

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1Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers' unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.

主干主语:teachers' unions;谓语:have fought;宾语:against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones

结构本句是复合句,even though引导让步状语从句,that引导同位语从句或宾语从句作evidence的同位语成分,结构较为复杂,包含主句和从句的并列关系。

译文尽管有大量证据表明教师的质量是最重要的变量,但教师工会仍然反对解雇差教师和提拔好教师。

考点even though 引导让步状语从句 / that 引导同位语从句

2Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.

主干主语:Politicians;谓语:have repeatedly “backloaded”;宾语:public-sector pay deals

结构本句结构复杂,动词短语“backloaded”后接宾语,后面接现在分词短语作伴随状语,but连接两个平行结构,后面有that引导的定语从句修饰pensions,包含多种修饰成分。

译文政客们一次又一次地“拖后”公共部门的薪酬协议,把工资上涨控制在温和水平,但增加了假期,尤其是那些已经相当慷慨的养老金。

考点动词+宾语+现在分词短语作状语 / 形容词+名词+that定语从句

3Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most notoriously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles.

主干主语:Reform;谓语:has been vigorously opposed;宾语:(省略)

结构本句是被动语态结构,句首插入成分perhaps most notoriously,where引导非限制性定语从句修饰education,句子结构紧凑,包含插入语和从句的复杂组合。

译文改革遭到激烈反对,在教育领域尤其如此,特许学校、学区和绩效工资都经历了漫长的斗争。

考点插入成分的运用 / where引导非限制性定语从句

4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants.

主干主语:he;谓语:would probably represent;宾语:civil servants

结构本句是虚拟条件句,if从句用过去时表示与现在事实相反的虚拟,句中条件从句与主句在时态上呼应,结构简洁但属于典型的虚拟语气考点。

译文如果工会领袖吉米·霍法今天还活着,他很可能会代表公务员。

考点虚拟条件句的用法(were alive today) / 虚拟语气时态搭配

5John Donahue at Harvard's Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.

主干主语:John Donahue;谓语:points out;宾语:that the norms... are bad for high achievers

结构本句主句后接that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句内部包含平行结构(suit... but is bad),who引导定语从句修饰those,句子包含主从句和并列结构的复杂性。

译文哈佛肯尼迪政府学院的约翰·多纳胡指出,西方的公务员文化规范适合那些想原地踏步的人,但对高成就者来说却很糟糕。

考点that 引导宾语从句 / 句子中的平行结构(suit... but is bad)